How many “Yes” answers to the 5-question decision framework justify blockchain over a shared database?
Explanation
: Three or more “Yes” answers indicate blockchain adds genuine value over a shared database.
Which of the following use cases scores lowest on the blockchain fit matrix?
Explanation
: Internal accounting involves only one party: blockchain adds no value over a traditional database.
What did the 2018 Walmart Food Trust pilot benchmark demonstrate?
Explanation
: The 2018 Walmart/IBM pilot reduced leafy-green traceability from 6.5 days to 2.2 seconds (pilot benchmark).
What daily settlement volume does JPMorgan Kinexys process in repo transactions (2024)?
Explanation
: Kinexys reported $1B+ daily repo settlement, the largest enterprise blockchain volume globally.
Why can Kinexys settle repo transactions that the traditional market cannot?
Explanation
: Kinexys enables intraday repo settlement 24/7; traditional repo market closes at 3pm, making same-day settlement impossible.
Why did TradeLens (Maersk/IBM) wind down in December 2022?
Explanation
: Competing shipping lines (CMA CGM, MSC) refused to share logistics data on a platform co-operated by Maersk, a direct rival.
HSBC Contour wound down in November 2023. What was the primary failure cause?
Explanation
: Contour’s technology worked (90% faster LCs) but the Letter of Credit market was declining and non-bank participants never adopted the platform.
What is the recommended TCO multiplier to apply to initial development estimates for a realistic 5-year cost?
Explanation
: Multiply initial development estimate by 3× to capture governance, partner onboarding, legal, and insurance costs.
At what year does the TCO model typically show break-even for a well-scoped enterprise blockchain project?
Explanation
: Well-scoped projects typically break even at Year 3–4 after high Year-1 integration and governance costs.
Which factor accounts for the largest share (34%) of enterprise blockchain consortium failures?
Explanation
: Governance disputes (34%) are the leading cause. Technology typically works; consortium politics do not.
What year did the 2016–2017 enterprise blockchain cohort achieve in terms of active projects by 2024?
Explanation
: Approximately 18% of 2016–2017 cohort projects remain active in 2024; 82% wound down.
Which regulatory framework licences SIX Digital Exchange (SDX) in Switzerland?
Explanation
: SDX is licenced by FINMA as both an exchange and central securities depository under Swiss DLT Act framework.
What technology does SIX Digital Exchange use at its custody layer?
Explanation
: SDX uses HSM-based custody integrated with SIX SIS (traditional Swiss central securities depository).
Which model does SIX Digital Exchange exemplify as the most replicable enterprise blockchain success pattern?
Explanation
: SDX has a single operator (SIX Group) with a FINMA licence and an existing client base, avoiding all consortium governance problems.
What distinguishes permissioned from permissionless blockchain in the enterprise context?
Explanation
: Permissioned chains (Fabric, Corda) offer known validators and privacy; permissionless chains (Ethereum) offer DeFi composability and open access.
What was the TradeLens investment figure, and how should it be cited?
Explanation
: The $1.6B+ figure is a press-reported estimate; IBM has not publicly confirmed the exact cost. Always cite as “press-reported.”
Which governance mechanism is recommended to prevent the “Maersk problem” in enterprise consortia?
Explanation
: A neutral operator (industry association, regulated entity, or neutral JV) without competing commercial interests prevents governance capture.
What does “blockchain theatre” refer to in the enterprise context?
Explanation
: “Blockchain theatre” (Gervais et al.) describes marketing-driven deployments where a centralised database would work equally well at lower cost.
Which project used the R3 Corda platform and wound down in 2023?
Explanation
: HSBC Contour was built on R3 Corda and wound down November 2023.
Which of the following best describes the “success formula” for enterprise blockchain?
Explanation
: Survivors consistently share: narrow scope (one use case), neutral governance, and a clearly quantifiable ROI from day one.
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